Propyl Gallate
molecular structure · PubChem
AKA: 121-79-9, Propyl 3, 4, 5-trihydroxybenzoate, N-Propyl gallate, Progallin P, Gallic acid, Propyl ester, Tenox PG, Nipagallin P, Gallic acid propyl ester, NIPA 49
Synthetic
Antioxidant
Fragrance
Phenolic Acid
Not Clean
Propyl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate
Solubility less than 1 mg/mL at 68 °F (NTP, 1992)
Formula
C10H12O5
Mol. Weight
212.20
CAS #
121-79-9
Form
Liquid
State
Propyl gallate appears as fine white to creamy-white crystalline powder. Odorless or with a faint odor. Melting point 150 °C. Insoluble in water. Slightly bitter taste.
Functions
Antioxidant
Fights free radicals — the unstable molecules from UV, pollution, and stress that break down collagen and cause premature aging.
Perfuming
Added for scent. Can be natural or synthetic. Common irritant and allergen — one of the top reasons people react to products.
Neutralizes Free Radicals
Traditional Use
Developed in the early 20th century as a synthetic antioxidant derived from gallic acid (found in plant tannins). Used since the 1940s in cosmetics and food preservation to prevent oxidative degradation and rancidity in formulations containing oils.
Skin Types
●all-skin-types
Best For
Sun Damage
Pregnancy & Breastfeeding Safe
Caution
The paper trail
🔬Peer-reviewed1 paper →
⚖️Regulatory1 listing →
🛡️Safety-assessed3 reviews →
Counts, not a verdict. A listing isn't a study. The trail, you decide.
Verified Jun 2026
Data: PubChem · CosIng · EWG · CIR