Effects of a topical lotion conta…n sedentary females.

When applied twice daily for 28 days on the thigh, gotu kola (combined with caffeine, aminophylline, yohimbe, and L-carnitine) showed modest improvements over placebo: thigh circumference reduced by 1.2 cm versus 0.8 cm, and fat mass loss was about 100g versus 57g. However, this was only meaningful when paired with calorie restriction and 150 minutes of weekly walking—the topical lotion alone didn't do the work.