Topical Treatments for Melasma an…Mechanism of Action.

Kojic acid works as a supporting player, not a solo act. In this review of 80 clinical trials, kojic acid showed effectiveness as an *adjuvant* (add-on) treatment for melasma with minimal side effects, but stronger options like hydroquinone and triple-combination therapy remain the gold standard. If you're using kojic acid alone, manage expectations—it's better suited as part of a layered routine.