A review of inorganic UV filters…nd titanium dioxide.
🔬 Peer-reviewed
A review of inorganic UV filters zinc oxide and titanium dioxide.
Samantha L Schneider, Henry W Lim
Photodermatology, photoimmunology & photomedicine · 2019
Findings
Zinc oxide and titanium dioxide nanoparticles (smaller than 100 nanometers) are safe for skin application because they don't absorb through skin. The trade-off: they're made smaller for better cosmetic feel, but this raises inhalation concerns with spray formulas. Environmental risk is currently low, though it could shift as usage increases.
Design
Review
Evidence
Moderate
Journal
Photodermatology, photoimmunology & photomedicine
Ingredients studied