Associations of coffee/caffeine c…opausal hormone use.
🔬 Peer-reviewed
Associations of coffee/caffeine consumption with postmenopausal breast cancer risk and their interactions with postmenopausal hormone use.
Lusine Yaghjyan, Eric McLaughlin, Amy Lehman, Marian L Neuhouser, Thomas Rohan, Dorothy S Lane + 2 more
European journal of nutrition · 2022
Findings
This large 18-year study of 77,688 postmenopausal women found that drinking coffee showed no link to breast cancer risk. However, higher caffeine intake was mildly associated with increased breast cancer risk overall, and more notably with a specific hormone-sensitive type (ER+/PR+). The difference between coffee and caffeine suggests it's not just the caffeine—other compounds in coffee may have protective effects.
Design
Observational Study
Evidence
Moderate
Journal
European journal of nutrition
Ingredients studied