Urea

OriginSynthesized from ammonia and carbon dioxide, or derived from nitrogen-containing organic compounds through chemical synthesis. Produced industrially via the Haber-Bosch process or by catalytic synthesis of ammonia with CO₂ under high pressure and temperature.

Urea is a nitrogenous compound containing a carbonyl group attached to two amine groups with osmotic diuretic activity. In vivo, urea is formed in the liver via the urea cycle from ammonia and is the final end product of protein metabolism. Administration of urea elevates blood plasma osmolality, resulting in enhanced flow of water from tissues, including the brain, cerebrospinal fluid and eye, into interstitial fluid and plasma, thereby decreasing pressure in those tissues and increasing urine outflow.

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